Theory of how they build a Hybrid Engine (Gas-electric and Diesel Electric Engine)
By: Mr. Gohnsen C. Price
For as far as we know it, from two years ago, many environmentalist says that making a vehicle such as car, bus, truck and motorcycle that emits Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) and Smoke belchers would probably destroys the air we breathe and the Mass ozone itself. So the scientist and engineers start developing or improving the use of electricity as the part source power of the vehicle. As the technology rises the consumption and developing more green friendly power sources of vehicle let me introduce some and define each term.
Fossil Fuels has two types
1. Gasoline are used in most hybrid electric designs, and will likely remain dominant for the foreseeable future. While petroleum-derived gasoline is the primary fuel, it is possible to mix in varying levels of ethanol created from renewable energy sources. Like most modern ICE powered vehicles, HEVs can typically use up to about 15% bioethanol. Manufacturers may move to flexible fuel engines, which would increase allowable ratios, but no plans are in place at present.
2. Diesel have advantages when delivering constant power for long periods of time, suffering less wear while operating at higher efficiency. The diesel engine's high torque, combined with hybrid technology, may offer substantially improved mileage. Most diesel vehicles can use 100% pure biofuels (biodiesel), so they can use but do not need petroleum at all for fuel (although mixes of biofuel and petroleum are more common, and petroleum may be needed for lubrication).
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LGP) this was introduced last year in the Philippines used by most taxis around Metro Manila and last March it was high announce by the Jeep company that they’re also using the LPG to reduce the cost on fuel budget and to go green driving around northern Luzon.
Hydrogen can be used in cars in two ways: a source of combustible heat, or a source of electrons for an electric motor. The burning of hydrogen is not being developed in practical terms; it is the hydrogen fuel-cell electric vehicle (HFEV) which is garnering all the attention. Hydrogen fuel cells create electricity fed into an electric motor to drives the wheels. Hydrogen is not burned, but it is consumed. This means molecular hydrogen, H2, is combined with oxygen to form water. 2H2 (4e-) + O2 --> 2H2O (4e-). The molecular hydrogen and oxygen's mutual affinity drives the fuel cell to separate the electrons from the hydrogen, to use them to power the electric motor, and to return them to the ionized water molecules that were formed when the electron-depleted hydrogen combined with the oxygen in the fuel cell. Recalling that a hydrogen atom is nothing more than a proton and an electron; in essence, the motor is driven by the proton's atomic attraction to the oxygen nucleus, and the electron's attraction to the ionized water molecule.
An HFEV is an all-electric car featuring an open-source battery in the form of a hydrogen tank and the atmosphere. HFEVs may also comprise closed-cell batteries for the purpose of power storage from regenerative braking, but this does not change the source of the motivation. It implies the HFEV is an electric car with two types of batteries. Since HFEVs are purely electric, and do not contain any type of heat engine, they are not hybrids.
Bio Fuel Hybrid vehicles might use an internal combustion engine running on biofuels, such as a flexible-fuel engine running on ethanol or engines running on biodiesel.
This is for today’s power sources available but how do this hybrid actually work? This is what Gas and diesel electric hybrid parts have:
· Engine - The hybrid car has an Engine much like the one you will find on most cars. However, the engine on a hybrid is smaller and uses advanced technologies to reduce emissions and increase efficiency.
· Fuel tank - The fuel tank in a hybrid is the energy storage device for the gasoline engine. Gasoline has a much higher energy density than batteries do. For example, it takes about 1,000 pounds of batteries to store as much energy as 1 gallon (7 pounds) of gasoline.
· Electric motor - The electric motor on a hybrid car is very sophisticated. Advanced electronics allow it to act as a motor as well as a generator. For example, when it needs to, it can draw energy from the batteries to accelerate the car. But acting as a generator, it can slow the car down and return energy to the batteries.
· Generator - The generator is similar to an electric motor, but it acts only to produce electrical power. It is used mostly on series hybrids.
· Batteries - The batteries in a hybrid car are the energy storage device for the electric motor. Unlike the gasoline in the fuel tank, which can only power the gasoline engine, the electric motor on a hybrid car can put energy into the batteries as well as draw energy from them.
· Transmission - The transmission on a hybrid car performs the same basic function as the transmission on a conventional car. Some hybrids, like the Honda Insight, have conventional transmissions.
The Mercedes-Benz M-Class HyPer -- a hybrid concept vehicle
You can combine the two power sources found in a hybrid car in different ways. One way, known as a parallel hybrid, has a fuel tank that supplies gas/diesel to the engine and a set of batteries that supplies power to the electric motor. Both the engine and the electric motor can turn the transmission at the same time, and the transmission then turns the wheels.
By contrast, in a series hybrid, the gas/diesel engine turns a generator, and the generator can either charge the batteries or power an electric motor that drives the transmission. Thus, the gas/diesel engine never directly powers the vehicle.
So, this explains how the hybrids work in efficiency and very economic way on saving your money. Now I am sure that you guys we’re thinking what would be best engines so let me differentiate them a little.
Gas/Diesel Power Vs. Electric Power
- A gas-powered car has a fuel tank, which supplies gasoline to the engine. The engine then turns a transmission, which turns the wheels while in an electric car, on the other hand, has a set of batteries that provides electricity to an electric motor. The motor turns a transmission, and the transmission turns the wheels.
The hybrid is a compromise. It attempts to significantly increase the mileage and reduce the emissions of a gas-powered car while overcoming the shortcomings of an electric car.
To be useful to you or me, a car must meet certain minimum requirements. The car should be able to:
1. Drive at least 300 miles (482 km) before re-fueling
2. Be refueled quickly and easily
3. Keep up with the other traffic on the road
A gas/diesel car meets these requirements but produces a relatively large amount of pollution and generally gets poor gas mileage. An electric car, however, produces almost no pollution, but it can only go 50 to 100 miles (80 to 161 km) between charges. And the problem has been that the electric car is very slow and inconvenient to recharge.
A gasoline-electric car combines these two setups into one system that leverages both gas/diesel power and electric power.
And so, what would be the Hybrid’s Environmental impact? After the explanation we all know that it will be decrease at least to be dramatically the Emission and CFC produce all around the globe to drive green and help contribute to the environmental awareness and society. I will list the Environmental impact according to the analysis of U.S Department of Energy and U.S Environmental Protection Agency.
Environmental Impact:
Fuel consumption and emissions reductions The hybrid vehicle typically achieves greater fuel economy and lower emissions than conventional internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs), resulting in fewer emissions being generated.
- relying on both the engine and the electric motors for peak power needs, resulting in a smaller engine sized more for average usage rather than peak power usage. A smaller engine can have less internal losses and lower weight.
- having significant battery storage capacity to store and reuse recaptured energy, especially in stop-and-go traffic,which is represented by the city driving cycle.
- recapturing significant amounts of energy during braking that are normally wasted as heat. This regenerative braking reduces vehicle speed by converting some of its kinetic energy into electricity, depending upon the power rating of the motor/generator.
- Reducing wasted energy during idle/low output, generally by turning the ICE off
- Recapturing waste energy (i.e. regenerative braking)
- Reducing the size and power of the ICE, and hence inefficiencies from under-utilization, by using the added power from the electric motor to compensate for the loss in peak power output from the smaller ICE.
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